Intense craving for eat: standardization of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-State in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Food craving is an intense-compulsive response to eating highly appetizing foods. The Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) is the most used instrument for its diagnosis. It is a multidimensional instrument, sensitive and adaptable to contextual and cultural changes. OBJECTIVE: To standardize the FCQ-S in the adult population of Mexico City. METHOD: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, at convenience design, with 1059 adults of both sexes, aged 18-84 years. It is highlighted that 71.9% of the participants were women. RESULTS: A reliability coefficient of 0.95 was obtained, the correlations between the items were from r = 0.598 to r = 0.793. With the exploratory factorial analysis, an MKO of sampling adequacy of 0.943 was obtained, and with the Bartlett sphericity test a p = 0.000. The factors explain 78.61% of the total variation of the data. The RMSEA was 0.068, which indicates an acceptable fit. The CFI was 0.974, considered good, and NNFI was 0.969, good fit. The correlations ranged from p < 0.05 to p < 0.01, showing a connection between the different dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The FCQ-S is valid and adaptable in the Mexican population.

ANTECEDENTES: El food craving es un deseo intenso y compulsivo de comer alimentos altamente apetecibles. El Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) es el instrumento más utilizado para su diagnóstico. Es un instrumento multidimensional, sensible y adaptable a cambios contextuales y culturales. OBJETIVO: estandarizar el FCQ-S en población adulta de la Ciudad de México. MÉTODO: Diseño no experimental, transversal y a conveniencia por método de bola de nieve, con 1059 adultos ambos sexos y de 18-84 años. Se destaca que el 71.9% de los participantes fueron mujeres. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un coeficiente de fiabilidad de 0.95 y las correlaciones entre los ítems fueron de r = 0.598 a r = 0.793. Con el análisis factorial exploratorio se obtuvo una MKO de adecuación de muestreo de 0.943, y con la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett una p = 0.000. Los factores explican el 78.61% de la variación total de los datos. La RMSEA fue 0.068, lo cual indica ajuste aceptable. El CFI fue 0.974, considerado bueno, y el NNFI fue 0.969 (buen ajuste). Las correlaciones fueron de p < 0.05 a p < 0.01, lo que muestra una conexión entre las diferentes dimensiones. CONCLUSIONES: El FCQ-S es válido y adaptable en población mexicana.

Construct Validity of a Questionnaire on Eating and Physical Activity Habits for Adolescents in Mexico City.

The assessment of eating and physical activity habits is an important step in promoting healthy behaviors among the adolescent population and is key in the prevention and management of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, reliable and valid measuring instruments are essential. In this context, the aim of this article is to present the validation of a self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City. In order to validate the questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2710 adolescents between 11 and 12 years of age, the piloting of the questionnaire was carried out in September 2022 with a focus group, and the programming of the anthropometric measurements was established with the Federal Educational Authority of CDMX, as well as the application of the questionnaire to 33 schools, with these activities being scheduled from 7 November 2022 to 3 February 2023 and having an application duration of 15-25 min for each of the groups to which it was applied; the questionnaire that was applied consists of 31 questions that refer to the frequencies, quantity, or performance of behaviors related to the frequency and type of food, type of physical activity and behaviors related to the act of eating referring to the place where it is carried out (home or away from home) and with whom it is carried out (alone or in company), and about the individual's lifestyle. Subsequently, the reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the questionnaire. The results obtained showed that the questionnaire was adequately reliable (α = 0.778) with an eight-factor structure: four questions on mealtime frequencies, four questions on physical activity and lifestyles, six questions on the consumption of high-calorie foods, four questions on company and food consumption, four questions on the consumption of vegetables and fruits, four questions on the place of food consumption, two questions on the consumption of alcoholic beverages, and three questions on the consumption of sugary drinks, plain water, and milk. In conclusion, the self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City is reliable, has adequate internal consistency, and can therefore be used as a useful tool for the evaluation of eating and physical activity habits in this population.

Intervención Psicofisiológica basada en la Teoría Polivagal para Manejo del Dolor Lumbar Crónico / Psychophysiological Intervention based on the Polyvagal Theory for the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain

Resumen El dolor lumbar crónico es un padecimiento común asociado a problemas físicos y afectivos. Recientemente, Dana (2019) sugirió un conjunto de estrategias psicológicas breves, basadas en los principios de la Teoría Polivagal, para el manejo del estrés, sin embargo, su uso no se ha aplicado en el campo del dolor. El presente estudio evaluó la eficacia de un plan de tratamiento en regulación autonómica del complejo vagal ventral para la disminución de la intensidad e interferencia del dolor, así como el efecto sobre la ansiedad, la depresión y catastrofización. Mediante un estudio pre experimental, con un muestreo no probabilístico, se utilizó un diseño de medidas repetidas para evaluar los efectos de un programa breve en pacientes con lumbalgia, sobre medidas psicométricas de dolor, ansiedad, depresión y catastrofización, así como la regulación fisiológica autonómica de la Frecuencia Cardiaca y la Temperatura Periférica. Los resultados revelaron una disminución significativa (p < .05) de la interferencia del dolor del estado anímico, el trabajo, la ansiedad, depresión y la catastrofización; así como un incremento en la temperatura periférica. Esto sugiere que el tratamiento fue eficaz para el manejo de problemas afectivos de estos pacientes, y consistente con los niveles de activación fisiológica propuestos por la Teoría Polivagal.

Abstract Chronic low back pain is a common chronic pain condition, associated with physical and emotional problems. Recently, Dana (2019) suggested a set of brief psychological strategies, based on the principles of the Polyvagal Theory, for stress management in people with chronic affective problems; however, no use has not been applied in the field of pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment plan based on the autonomic regulation of the ventral vagal complex for the reduction of pain intensity, mood, behavioral and social interference, as well as the effect on anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing associated with pain. Through a pre-experimental study, with a non-probabilistic demonstration, a repeated measures design was obtained to evaluate the effects of a brief program in patients with low back pain, on validated psychometric measures of pain, anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing, as well as autonomic physiological regulation. Heart rate and peripheral temperature. Results revealed a significant (p < .05) decrease in pain interference from mood, work, anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing, as well as an increase in peripheral temperature. This suggests that the treatment was effective in managing the affective problems of these patients, and consistent with the levels of physiological activation proposed by the Polyvagal Theory on the affective state.

Entrenamiento de atención focalizada para disminuir la ansiedad en pacientes candidatos a craneotomía.

BACKGROUND: The focused attention training has been used in pre surgery patients because of the benefits of its use decrease of psychological symptoms like anxiety, eases the post operatory period and recovery. Also, there are favorable changes in a psychological level as well as pain healing. OBJECTIVE: Show that the focused attention training is effective in patients who are candidates to a craniotomy. METHOD: The study includes 11 participants in an age of 29 to 60 age from the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, from May to September 2021. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied pre, post and follow-up, to search anxiety symptoms and the focused attention training was used in the 11 patients. RESULTS: The data was analyzed and checked with the Friedman test, for not parametric data and to identify differences in anxiety levels. It was observed that there are differences (p < 0.05) in both anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety decreased significantly before and after the focused attention training, the follow-up was kept the same way for 40 days; which means the training helped the patient to decrease anxiety.

ANTECEDENTES: El entrenamiento de atención focalizada se ha utilizado en pacientes prequirúrgicos por los beneficios que conlleva: disminuye los síntomas psicológicos como ansiedad, facilita el periodo posoperatorio y la recuperación, cambios favorables a nivel fisiológico y reducción del dolor, entre otros. OBJETIVO: Demostrar la eficacia del entrenamiento de atención focalizada en pacientes candidatos a craneotomía. MÉTODO: El estudio incluyó 11 participantes de entre 29 y 60 años de edad del Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, de mayo a septiembre de 2021. Se aplicó la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) antes, después de la intervención y a los 40 días para investigar síntomas de ansiedad, y se utilizó el entrenamiento de atención focalizada en los 11 participantes. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron los datos con la prueba de Friedman para datos no paramétricos con el fin de identificar diferencias en los niveles de ansiedad. Se observó que sí hay diferencias (p < 0.05) tanto en ansiedad como en depresión. CONCLUSIONES: La ansiedad disminuyó significativamente entre las mediciones antes y después de la intervención. La medición posterior continuó de la misma manera durante los 40 días, lo que significa que el entrenamiento ayudó al paciente a disminuir la ansiedad.

Identificación de factores protectores y de riesgo para trastornos de conductas alimentarias en una intervención educativa con adolescentes de la Ciudad de México / Identification of protective and risk factors for eating disorders in an educational intervention with adolescents from Mexico City

Fundamentos: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) constituyen un grupo de trastornos mentalescaracterizados por una conducta alterada de la ingesta alimentaria y/o la aparición de comportamientosinadecuados encaminados a controlar el peso. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los factoresprotectores y de riesgo para TCA en una muestra de adolescentes de la Ciudad de México.Métodos: Se realizó una intervención tipo ensayo controlado aleatorizado, se estimó el estado ponderal conlos percentiles de índice de masa corporal (IMC) propuestos por la OMS. Para la evaluación delcomportamiento alimentario se aplicaron cuestionarios dietéticos y para la identificación de trastornos deconductas alimentarias, ansiedad y depresión se aplicaron los cuestionarios para medir conductasalimentarias de riesgo (CAR) y el cuestionario HAD ansiedad y depresión de Hamilton.Resultados: Se encontró que la presencia de ansiedad incrementa 2,956 la probabilidad de aparición de unTCA (IC 95% = 1,919-4,513) y que el incremento en el IMC es un factor que aumenta la probabilidad depresentar un TCA 1,278 veces (IC 95% 1,220-1,339).Conclusiones: Factores como la ansiedad e IMC son determinantes para el desarrollo de TCA los cuales semanifiestan cada vez más en hombres que en mujeres. (AU)

Background: Eating disorders constitute a group of mental disorders characterized by altered eating behaviorand the appearance of inappropriate behaviors aimed at controlling weight. The aim of the present study wasto identify the protective and risk factors for eating disorders in a sample of adolescents from Mexico City.Methods: A randomized controlled trial intervention was performed, weight status was estimated with thepercentiles of body mass index (BMI) proposed by the WHO. For the evaluation of eating behavior, dietaryquestionnaires were applied and for the identification of eating behavior disorders, anxiety and depression,the questionnaires to measure risk eating behaviors and the Hamilton anxiety and depression questionnairewere applied.Results: It was found that the presence of anxiety increases 2.956 the probability of an eating disorders (95%CI = 1.919-4.513) and the increase in BMI is a factor that increases the probability of presenting an eatingdisorders 1.278 (95% CI 1.220-1.339).Conclusions: Factors such as anxiety and BMI are determinants for the development of eating disorders,which are increasingly manifested in men than in women. (AU)

Intervención educativa para disminuir la prevalencia de obesidad en adolescentes de la ciudad de México, México / Educational intervention to decrease the prevalence of obesity in adolescents of mexico city, mexico

Fundamentos: La prevalencia de obesidad se ha elevado considerablemente entre los niños y adolescentes, representando uno de los principales problemas para la salud pública. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto de una intervención focalizada en los estilos de vida y los factores asociados a la alimentación, la actividad física, así como aspectos psicológicos y conductuales en adolescentes de escuelas secundariasde Ciudad de México. Métodos: Se realizó una intervención tipo ensayo controlado aleatorizado diseñada con base a la metodología EPODE (Ensemble Prévenons l’Obésité Des Enfants). Se estimó el estado ponderal con los percentiles de IMC propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y para la evaluación del comportamiento alimentario y la determinación de factoresrelacionados con la obesidad se aplicaron cuestionarios dietéticos y cuestionarios para detectar el riesgo de trastornos de conducta alimentaria, ansiedad y depresión. Resultados: Los factores del modelo en este estudio quepresentan probabilidades de ser protectores para la aparición de la obesidad en adolescentes de escuelas secundarias de la Ciudad de México son el número de pasos a la semana (OR =0,872 IC 95%: 1,212-1,761), el aumento de la actividad física vigorosa (OR = 0,903 IC 95%: 0,843-0,967) y el consumo de fruta (OR = 0,927 IC 95%: 0,861-0,999). Conclusiones: De acuerdo a las condiciones de los adolescentes de escuelas secundarias de la Ciudad de México la realización de actividad física fue un factor importante, tanto por ser un factor protector para la aparición de la obesidad, como por su relación con la disminución del IMC. (AU)

Background: The prevalence of obesity has risen considerably among children and adolescents, representing one of the mai public health problems. The objective was to evaluate theimpact of a focused intervention on lifestyle and factors associated with diet, physical activity as well as psychological and behavioral aspects in adolescents from high schools inMexico City. Methods: A randomized controlled trial interventiondesigned based on EPODE (Ensemble Prévenons l'Obésité Des Enfants) methodology was conducted. Weight status was estimated using the BMI percentiles proposed by the WorldHealth Organization, and dietary questionnaires and questionnaires to detect the risk of eating disorders, anxiety and depression were used for the assessment of eating behaviour and the determination of factors related to obesity. Results: The model factors in this study that presents probabilities of being protective for the appearance of obesity in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City are the number of steps per week (OR = 0.872 95% CI: 1.212-1.761), the increase in vigorous physical activity (OR = 0.903 95% CI:0.843-0.967) and fruit consumption (OR = 0.927 95% CI: 0.861-0.999).Conclusions: According to the conditions of adolescents from high schools in Mexico City, physical activity was an important factor, because it was a protective factor for the appearance of obesity, and because of its relationship with the decrease of the BMI. (AU)

Physiological stressor impact on peripheral facial temperature, Il-6 and mean arterial pressure, in young people.

Nowadays, stress is part of everyday life, whose long-term effects can trigger health risks. Among the main alterations that occur in the human body we can find the variation of inflammatory activity, blood pressure, and facial peripheral temperature. The objective of this work is to show the facial thermal behavior for men and women, as well as the differences in vascular and inflammatory responses induced by the effect of acute social stress. The Trier Social Stress Test was applied to 15 women and 15 men, free of disease, with an average age of 23.8 years and a standard deviation of 5.52. After capturing the baseline state, and at the end of the test, the inflammatory activity was measured through salivary interleukin-6; the mean blood pressure, and the capture of facial thermographic images. For the thermal images, six regions of interest (biothermomarkers) were analyzed: forehead, right cheek, left cheek, chin, nose, and corrugator muscle. The results obtained after analyzing the information were: an increase in inflammatory activity, an increase in mean blood pressure, and significant temperature changes in different areas of interest of the face, depending on gender. For men, it only appeared in the region of the nose and women's forehead, cheeks, and nose. Furthermore, the correlation between the three variables (il-6, blood pressure, and temperature) was performed and no significant values were found. Regarding the relationship between genders, only significant values were found for il-6.

Factores cognitivos predictivos de adherencia terapéutica en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad / Cognitive factors predicting therapeutic adherence in people with overweight and obesity

Resumen La falta de adherencia al tratamiento (ADT) en personas con enfermedades crónicas puede fluctuar entre 40 y 75%. Dos tercios de los pacientes con obesidad bajo tratamiento recuperan el peso perdido tras un año, y casi todos a los cinco años, lo que se asocia con la falta de ADT. Esta refiere a un fenómeno multidimensional que supone la acción recíproca de diversos factores, y entre ellos los relativos al paciente. Supuesto que dio paso al surgimiento de los modelos socio-cognitivos de la ADT. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar qué factores de tres diferentes modelos (Teoría de la conducta planeada [TCP], Creencias en salud y el de Wallston) pueden predecir la ADT de pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Participaron 118 adultos, con edad promedio de 52.0 años (DE = 19.0), quienes estaban bajo tratamiento farmacológico y completaron tres cuestionarios, cada uno relativo a los modelos evaluados, y otro más referente a ADT. De los 13 factores, solo uno (Actitudes, del modelo de TCP) mostró capacidad para predecir la ADT (t = 2.75, ß = .26, p < .01). Por tanto, en el caso del sobrepeso u obesidad resulta necesario proponer modelos que reflejen mejor los aspectos que subyacen a la ADT.

Abstract The lack of adherence to treatment (ADT) in people with chronic diseases range from 40 to 75%. Two thirds of the patients with obesity under treatment recover the weight lost after one year, and almost all of them after five years, which is associated with the lack of ADT. Adherence refers to a multidimensional phenomenon that involves the reciprocal action of several factors, including those related to the patient. Assumption that triggered the first socio-cognitive models of ADT. The aim of the present work was to identify which factors of three different models (Theory of the planned behavior [TPB], Beliefs in health, and the one of Wallston) can predict the ADT of patients with overweight or obesity. A total of 118 adults participated, with an average age of 52.0 years (SD = 19.0), who were under pharmacological treatment and completed three questionnaires, each one related to the models evaluated, and another one related to ADT. Of the 13 factors, only one (attitudes, from the TPB model) showed ability to predict ADT (t = 2.75, ß = .26, p < .01). Therefore, for overweight and obesity it is necessary to propose models that can reflect better the differences that underlie the ADT.

Effects of the Trier Social Stress Test on the distributions of IL-6 and MAP levels.

Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is an experimental psychological test that induces changes in autonomic, endocrinological and immunological activity. Two measures used to evaluate the inflammatory activity induced by this test are the interleukin 6 (IL-6), a cytokine sensitive to changes in sympathetic nervous activity, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP), a measure sensitive to changes in autonomic activity. This study had two goals: first, the study examined whether TSST increases IL-6 and MAP levels; second, pre- and post-TSST IL-6 levels were compared for participants whose IL-6 levels increased or decreased due to the TSST. Saliva samples of IL-6 and MAP were taken from 42 participants clinically healthy, without psychiatric history, and data were analysed via quantile comparisons. The results showed that TSST did not lead to an increase in sympathetic activity as indexed by IL-6. Instead, TSST led to increases in MAP. Also, there were significant differences between the IL-6 distributions of people whose IL-6 levels changed from low to high (63%) and from high to low (37%) before and after the TSST. These findings suggest that the TSST will not have the same effect on all participants; that is, individual differences can be assessed using a biomarker to identify people with specialized psychological care needs.

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Pain with Thermal Imaging of Emotional Facial Expression in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background: Recent research has evaluated psychological and biological characteristics associated with pain in survivors of breast cancer (BC). Few studies consider their relationship with inflammatory activity. Voluntary facial expressions modify the autonomic activity and this may be useful in the hospital environment for clinical biopsychosocial assessment of pain. Methods: This research compared a BC survivors group under integral treatment (Oncology, Psychology, Nutrition) with a control group to assess the intensity of pain, behavioral interference, anxiety, depression, temperament-expression, anger control, social isolation, emotional regulation, and alexithymia and inflammatory activity, with salivary interleukin 6 (IL-6). Then, a psychophysiological evaluation through repeated measures of facial infrared thermal imaging (IRT) and hands in baseline-positive facial expression (joy)-negative facial expression (pain)-relaxation (diaphragmatic breathing). Results: The results showed changes in the IRT (p < 0.05) during the execution of facial expressions in the chin, perinasal, periorbital, frontal, nose, and fingers areas in both groups. No differences were found in the IL-6 level among the aforementioned groups, but an association with baseline nasal temperature (p < 0.001) was observable. The BC group had higher alexithymia score (p < 0.01) but lower social isolation (p < 0.05), in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: In the low- and medium-concentration groups of IL-6, the psychophysiological intervention proposed in this study has a greater effect than on the high concentration group of IL-6. This will be considered in the design of psychological and psychosocial interventions for the treatment of pain.

Efectos psicofisiológicos de la respiración diafragmática y la estimulación térmica sobre la actividad autonómica del estrés agudo / Psychophysiological effects of diaphragmatic breathing and thermal stimulation on the autonomic activity of acute stress

Resumen Estudios recientes han evaluado los efectos psicofisiológicos del estrés agudo, la respiración diafragmática (RD) y la estimulación térmica cutánea. El paradigma Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) se ha utilizado como prueba de laboratorio para inducir estrés; sin embargo, no cuenta con una fase de reversiva activa de los efectos que induce. La presente investigación tuvo dos objetivos: 1) evaluar el efecto de la RD sobre la actividad autonómica simpática y la respuesta inflamatoria después del TSST para revertir sus efectos cardiovasculares; y 2) explorar el efecto de la estimulación térmica para inhibir la actividad autonómica durante y después del TSST. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental de medidas repetidas para cada objetivo. Participaron 22 estudiantes universitarios, normotensos y clínicamente sanos divididos en dos subgrupos de 11 participantes cada uno. Se aplicaron medidas psicométricas de distrés psicológico (PHQ-4, PC-PTSD), se registró su presión arterial, su tasa cardiaca, su temperatura nasal y en el dedo de la mano izquierda, así como una muestra salival de interleucina 6 (citoquina asociada a procesos inflamatorios sensible a la alteración física y afectiva del organismo). Aunque se igualaron las características sociodemográficas, debido al horario de registro de la presión arteiral en cada grupo y el periodo escolar de cada participante, las muestras no fueron comparables entre sí por lo que los datos se analizaron por separado para cada objetivo: al primer grupo se le administró el protocolo de TSST y después se les instruyó un ejercicio de RD; mientras que el segundo grupo sostuvo con las manos una compresa térmica a una temperatura aproximada de 41°C durante y después del TSST. Los resultados sugirieron que la RD disminuyó la actividad autonómica, pero no la inflamatoria; mientras que el grupo con estimulación térmica inhibió la actividad autonómica durante y después del TSST. Estos hallazgos se discuten en el contexto de la Teoría Polivagal como estrategias psicológicas para disminuir e inhibir los efectos psicofisiológicos del estrés agudo.

Abstract Recent studies have evaluated the psychophysiological effects of acute stress, diaphragmatic breathing (DB) and cutaneous thermal stimulation. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) paradigm has been used as a laboratory test to induce stress; however, it does not have an active reversal phase of the effects it induces. The present investigation had two objectives: 1) to evaluate the effect of DB on autonomic activity and inflammatory response after TSST; and 2) explore the effect of thermal stimulation to inhibit autonomic activity during and after TSST. A quasi-experimental design of repeated measures was used for each objective. Twenty-two university students, normotensive and clinically healthy participated. Psychometric measures of psychological distress (PHQ-4, PC-PTSD) were applied, their blood pressure, heart rate, nasal temperature and on the finger of the left hand were recorded, as well as a salivary sample of interleukin 6 (inflammatory sensitive cytokine to the physical and affective alteration of the organism). They were divided into two sub-groups of 11 participants each. The first group he was administered the TSST protocol and then they were instructed an DB exercise; while the second group held with their hands a thermal compress at a temperature of about 41 ° C during and after the TSST. The results suggested that DR decreased autonomic activity, but not inflammatory activity; while the group with thermal stimulation inhibited the autonomic activity during and after the TSST. These findings are discussed in the context of the Polivagal Theory as psychological strategies to diminish and inhibit the psychophysiological effects of acute stress.

Evaluación de cambios en Esquemas Tempranos Desadaptativos y en la antropometría de mujeres obesas con un tratamiento cognitivo conductual grupal / Evaluation of changes in Early Maladaptative Schemas and anthropometric measures in obese women with a cognitive behavioral grupal treatment

Según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Nutricional, publicada en el 2006, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en México el 70% de la población padece sobrepeso u obesidad. Según Barquera, al ser un problema de salud pública, la intervención desde diversos ámbitos es indispensable. En este trabajo se utilizó el modelo teórico denominado Esquemas Tempranos Desadaptativos (ETD) de Young, el cual explica que dichos esquemas distorsionan el procesamiento de la información del sujeto y, por lo tanto, son disfuncionales. El objetivo fue identificar y evaluar si hay cambios en los ETD de mujeres obesas después de un tratamiento cognitivo conductual grupal de 14 sesiones, con una n = 22. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la evaluación pre-post en los esquemas privación emocional, inestabilidad emocional, autosacrificio, abandono y fracaso, así como en el Índice de Masa Corporal (imc) y el peso corporal.

According to the National Health and Nutrition Poll and the WHO (World Health Organization) in Mexico the 70% of the population suffers overweight or obesity. According to Barquera, as a public health problem, the intervention from diverse fields becomes essential. In this work, the theoretical model called Early Maladaptative Schemas by Young is used to explain that such schemas distort the information process of a subject and therefore are dysfunctional. The study purpose was to identify and evaluate possible changes on the Early Maladaptative Schemas of obese women, after a 14-sessions cognitive-behavioral group treatment, with n= 22. The findings showed a significant diminution in the schemas of emotional deprivation, emotional unstability, self sacrifice, abandonment and failure, as well as in the Body Mass Index and weight.